Možnosti použití dvourozměrné chromatografie

Analytičtí chemici se při analýze současných složitých vzorků setkávají s nemožností separovat tyto směsi v průběhu jedné analýzy, případně s nutností věnovat jim neadekvátní množství času nutné k separaci. V těchto případech je vhodné použít dvourozměrnou kapalinovou chromatografii, díky níž je možné dosáhnout mnohonásobně větší píkové kapacity.

Separace v kapalinové chromatografii může probíhat buď na tenké vrstvě stacionární fáze (tenkovrstevná chromatografie, TLC) nebo v koloně naplněné stacionární fází (kolonová chromatografie, LC).

V prvním případě (TLC) dochází k separaci složek směsi v prostoru omezeném rozměrem separační desky. Doba analýzy je stejná pro všechny složky, zatímco jejich migrační vzdálenost roste s rostoucí retencí látky. Rozlišení mezi dvěma látkami roste s rostoucí vzdáleností, tzn. že pro více zadržováné látky je větší. V tomto případě mluvíme o separaci v prostoru (LCx).

V druhém případě (LC) jsou složky směsi vzorku eluovány z kolony a rozděleny v závislosti na jejich retečních časech. Vzdálenost, kterou musí látky urazit je pro všechny stejná a je definována délkou kolony, zatímco jejich retence roste od látek nezadržovaných až po látky s vysokou retencí. Účinnost separace pro jednotlivé látky závisí na stupni jejich retence. Tento typ separací můžeme označit jako separaci v čase, časovou separaci (LCt).

Vzájemnou kombinací těchto dvou možností lze získat čtyři uspořádání dvourozměrných separačních systémů: LCt x LCt, LCx x LCt, LCt x LCx a LCx x LCx. Výhody, nevýhody, problémy a možné využití těchto systémů jsou podrobně popsány v jednom z nejnovějších článků prof. Guiochona.

V současné době je nejčastěji používaným (a nejvíce studovaným) systémem (kolonové) uspořádání LCt x LCt. Studie George Guiochona a jeho skupiny naznačuje, že dvourozměrné uspořádání tenkovrstevné s kolonovou chromatografií TLC-LC (LCx x LCt) umožňuje simultánní separaci všech frakcí z první (plošné) dimenze v druhé (kolonové) dimenzi. Hlavní výhodou tohoto uspořádání je významná úspora času.

J. Chromatogr. A (2008)

««« Předchozí text: Monolitické stacionární fáze pro plynovou chromatografii Následující text: Chromatografie - "barvopis" »»»

autor: j.u. | Pondělí 24. 03. 2008, 21.16 | tisk | Vícerozměrné techniky | 35 komentářů | 1204x

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Náplní těchto stránek je separační metoda zvaná chromatografie.


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Přečtěte si teoretické základy chromatografie.


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Pak by vás mohly zajímat novinky, týkající se zejména monolitických stacionárních fází a vícerozměrných separačních technik.

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